In my initial post, we establish the expected salary ranges for various skill sets and expertise and in the last post, I discuss the sponsor’s share. Now, the last remaining piece is the Income Tax Deduction. I will discuss this in detail in this post.
Taxes
based on income are imposed at the federal, most state, and some local
levels within the United States. The Taxable income is gross income less
exemptions and deductions; where Gross income includes "all income from
whatever source".
based on income are imposed at the federal, most state, and some local
levels within the United States. The Taxable income is gross income less
exemptions and deductions; where Gross income includes "all income from
whatever source".
2012 Federal Income Tax Rates:
You
can notice from the chart above, that a “single” resource will be taxed
higher than the married one. On the same principle, if you have
children or dependents (like parents, etc.), for each dependent you will
be tax-exempted by a certain percentage/amount. The more the number of
children or dependents, the higher tax-exemptions and hence lower income
tax deductions.
can notice from the chart above, that a “single” resource will be taxed
higher than the married one. On the same principle, if you have
children or dependents (like parents, etc.), for each dependent you will
be tax-exempted by a certain percentage/amount. The more the number of
children or dependents, the higher tax-exemptions and hence lower income
tax deductions.
So, if we continue our example of a Java Developer resource from our last post. The net annual salary for that resource will be:
On Employment Contract – US$ 3,500 per month x 12 = US$ 42,000 per year
On Consultant Contract – US$ 4,928 per month x 12 = US$ 59,136 per year
Federal Income Tax on Employment Contract:
25% of US$ 3,500 per month = US$ 875 per month
25% of US$ 3,500 per month = US$ 875 per month
Federal Tax on Consultant Contract:
25% of US$ 4,928 per month = US$ 1,232 per month
25% of US$ 4,928 per month = US$ 1,232 per month
State Income Taxes
43
states and many localities in the United States impose an income tax on
individuals. Tax rates vary by state and locality, and may be fixed or
graduated.
states and many localities in the United States impose an income tax on
individuals. Tax rates vary by state and locality, and may be fixed or
graduated.
For our example, we assume that the resource is working in New York State.
The annual salary for the resource is:
On Employment Contract – US$ 3,500 per month x 12 = US$ 42,000 per year
On Consultant Contract – US$ 4,928 per month x 12 = US$ 59,136 per year
Hence,
New York State Income Tax on Employment Contract:
US$ 973 + 6.45% of [ US$ 42,000 per year – US$ 20,000 ] = US$ 2,392 per year or US$ 199.34 per month
US$ 973 + 6.45% of [ US$ 42,000 per year – US$ 20,000 ] = US$ 2,392 per year or US$ 199.34 per month
New York State Income Tax on Consultant Contract:
US$ 973 + 6.45% of [ US$ 59,136 per year – US$ 20,000 ] = US$ 3,497.27 per year or US$ 291.44 per month
US$ 973 + 6.45% of [ US$ 59,136 per year – US$ 20,000 ] = US$ 3,497.27 per year or US$ 291.44 per month
So, the net take home salary will be:
On Employment Contract:
US$ 3,500 per month - US$ 875 per month (Fed. Tax) - US$ 199.34 per month (NYS Tax)
= US$ 2,425.66 per month
US$ 3,500 per month - US$ 875 per month (Fed. Tax) - US$ 199.34 per month (NYS Tax)
= US$ 2,425.66 per month
On Consultant Contract:
US$ 4,928 per month – US$ 1,232 per month (Fed. Tax) – US$ 291.44 per month (NYS Tax)
= US$ 3,404.56 per month
US$ 4,928 per month – US$ 1,232 per month (Fed. Tax) – US$ 291.44 per month (NYS Tax)
= US$ 3,404.56 per month
City/Area/Locality Income Taxes
14
states and the District of Columbia allow cities, counties, and
municipalities to levy their own separate individual income taxes in
addition to state income taxes. These include:
states and the District of Columbia allow cities, counties, and
municipalities to levy their own separate individual income taxes in
addition to state income taxes. These include:
- Alabama: Birmingham levies an income tax of 1%
- Arkansas:
Seven Arkansas school districts assess an income tax surcharge equal to
10% of state income tax before tax credits. They are: Berryville, Green
Forest, Westside, Hope, Huntsville, Waldron, and Marshall. - Colorado:
Three cities impose flat taxes on compensation. Aurora charges $2 per
month on compensation over $250, Denver charges $5.75 per month on
compensation over $500, and Greenwood Village charges $4 per month on
compensation over $250. - District of Columbia:
D.C. has a bracketed income tax system. The rates are 4% for the first
$10,000 of income, 6% for $10,000 to $40,000 of income, and 8.5% for
income over $40,000. - Delaware: Wilmington has a flat 1.25% tax on income.
- Iowa: 666 school districts impose an income tax surcharge ranging from 1% to 20% of state income tax owed.
- Indiana:
All 92 counties in Indiana have an individual income tax. Tax rates are
in the process of being changed, and will be announced on the Indiana
Department of Revenue’s website once they are finalized. - Kentucky:
Eight cities in kentucky levy income taxes on residents and
non-residents. They are: Bowling Green (1.85%), Covington (2.5%),
Florence (2%), Lexington-Fayette (2.25%), Louisville (2.20% for
residents and 1.45% for non-residents), Owensboro (1.33%), Paducah (2%),
and Richmond (2%). Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government and
Louisville - Jefferson County also impose taxes on businesses. - Maryland:
All 24 Maryland counties levy income taxes on residents and
non-residents. Tax rates range from 1.25% to 3.20%. Baltimore also has
an income tax of 3.05%. - Michigan: Several
Michigan cities impose income taxes with rates ranging from 0.50% to
2.50%. Detroit’s income tax rate is 2.50% for residents and 1.25% for
non-residents. - Missouri: Both Kansas City and St. Louis have an income tax of 1%.
- New York:
Yonkers and New York City both have individual income taxes. New York
City's income tax rates range from 2.907% to 3.648%. Yonker's income tax
rate is equal to 10% of your net (after credits) state income tax. - Ohio:
235 cities and 331 villages in Ohio have an income tax, including
Columbus, Toledo, Cincinnati, and Cleveland. Ohio law requires a flat
rate that cannot exceed 1%, unless it is approved by the voters. Ohio
local income tax rates range from 0.40% in Indian Hill to 3% in Parma
Heights. - Oregon: The Tri-Met Transit District
(includes Portland) assesses an income tax of 0.6318% and the Lane
County Transit District (includes Eugene) assesses an income tax of
0.60%. Multnomah County (Portland) also assesses a 1.45% business income
tax. - Pennsylvania: Most municipalities in
Pennsylvania assess a tax on wages, known as the Earned Income Tax. This
tax is usually split between the municipality and the local school
district. The local Earned Income Tax is only assessed on earned income,
like wages. Unearned income like interest and dividends are not taxed.
Pennsylvania state law limits the Earned Income Tax to a maximum flat
rate of 2%, but Home Rule cities like Philadelphia and Scranton are not
subject to this maximum. Cities with tax rates above 2% include:
Philadelphia (3.98%), Pittsburgh (3%), Reading (2.70%), Scranton
(3.40%), and Wilkes-Barre (2.85%). Non-residents have to pay the Earned
Income Tax as well, but are usually taxed at a lower rate. You can look
up local tax rates on Pennsylvania state's website. Local income taxes
are also assessed on the net profits of businesses.
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