- August 6, 1945—U.S. drops atomic bomb on Japan; World War II ends 8 days later
- 1946—Winston Churchill gives “Iron Curtain” speech in Missouri, tensions rise between United States and Soviet Union
- 1946-63—Baby Boom—record amount of births in a period of economic growth and increased consumerism leads to the most dominant and self-conscious generation in American history.
- 1947—Unveiling of Truman Doctrine, announcing the U.S. would do everything in its power to contain communism
- 1947—Marshall Plan enacted, providing American aid in rebuilding western and southern Europe, advances the Cold War significantly
- 1948—Berlin Airlift shows American resolve against the spread of communism and Soviet aggression
- 1949—Creation of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
- 1949—China becomes communist, Republicans use event to paint Democrats as “soft on communism”
- 1950—Senator Joseph McCarthy asserts he has list of communists in the State Department. Although he has no such list, McCarthy builds upon national fear of communism to make himself the nation’s most powerful individual. Eventually falls in 1954 after accusing the military of communist sympathies. Nonetheless, McCarthy defines the 1950s as a decade of suppression of left-leaning thought and action.
- 1950-53—Korean War
- 1951—U.S. tests hydrogen bomb
- 1951—Release of The Day the Earth Stood Still, beginning of science fiction films standing in for American fears about the Cold War
- 1952—First rock and roll concert in Cleveland
- 1953—Execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for treason
- 1953—Hugh Hefner launches Playboy magazine
- 1954—Supreme Court declares segregation unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education
- 1954—Television becomes increasingly common
- 1955—Montgomery Bus Boycott, led by a young Martin Luther King
- 1955—American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) merge, signaling an end to the great period of American labor organizing.
- 1956—Elvis Presley becomes international star, rock and roll becomes music of America’s youth
- 1956—President Eisenhower signs Interstate Highway Act, leading to massive government investment in road building and disinvestment in American downtowns and public transportation
- 1957—Federal court orders Little Rock to desegregate schools, violence results and forces federal government to intervene.
- 1957—USSR launches Sputnik, beginning of Space Race
- 1959—Cuban Revolution brings Fidel Castro to power
- 1960—4 North Carolina A&T students begin sit-in at Greensboro lunch counter, begins sit-in movement around South.
- 1960—Food and Drug Administration approves birth control pill for general use
- 1961—Freedom Rides test willingness of federal government to enforce desegregation decisions, violence results.
- 1961—Bob Dylan releases first album
- 1961—East Germans raise Berlin Wall
- 1962—Cuban Missile Crisis—U.S. and Soviet Union come dangerously close to nuclear war
- 1962—Rachel Carson publishes Silent Spring, exposing the terrible environmental damage of pesticides and the chemical industry, eventually leads to banning of DDT and other toxic pesticides.
- 1963—Birmingham campaign of civil rights movement, Martin Luther King leads March on Washington to pressure President Kennedy to support civil rights legislation
- 1963—Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique, frequently seen as beginning of modern women’s movement
- 1963—Assassination of John F. Kennedy
- 1964—Gulf of Tonkin resolution, giving tremendous power to make war to the presidency, significantly ramps up American involvement in Vietnam
- 1964—Freedom Summer in Mississippi—attempt to register African-Americans to vote, violence results throughout Mississippi
- 1964—Civil Rights Act of 1964
- 1964—Republican Party nominates Barry Goldwater as its presidential candidate, marking the rise of modern conservatism. Lyndon Johnson defeats Goldwater in landslide, but conservatives see marked gains in elections of 1966 and 1968.
- 1964—Lyndon Johnson signs Wilderness Act of 1964
- 1964-1968—President Johnson launches his Great Society, including establishment of Medicare, Medicaid, Food Stamps, and dozens of other programs intended to lift Americans out of poverty.
- 1965—Voting Rights Act of 1965
- 1965—Murder of Malcolm X in New York City
- 1965—Immigration Act of 1965 ends revokes restrictive and racist immigration legislation of 1920s, begins rise of Latin American and Asian migration to the U.S.
- 1965—César Chávez and United Farm Workers begin Delano grape strike, call for national grape boycott
- 1965—Ralph Nader publishes Unsafe at Any Speed, attacking unsafe General Motors cars. Nader becomes leader of consumer rights movement and one of America’s most influential figures through the late 1970s.
- 1965-70—rise of Black Power movement, eventually crushed by FBI-led murders of leading Black Power advocates
- 1966—National Organization of Women (NOW) founded
- 1966—California becomes first state to make LSD illegal, nation soon follows, but far too late to stop spread of drug
- 1966—Martin Luther King takes civil rights movement to the North; violent protests against housing desegregation in Chicago.
- 1967—Summer of Love in San Francisco, hippie movement becomes increasingly prominent
- 1967—Bonnie and Clyde hits the theatres, destroying the restrictive code that guarded the morality of movies for 33 years and launching a new era of American film.
- 1967—Reies López Tijerina leads raid upon county courthouse in New Mexico in protest over lands stolen from native New Mexicans.
- 1968—Tet Offensive puts lie to President Johnson’s proclamations that the Vietnam War is almost won. Lyndon Johnson chooses not to run for reelection.
- 1968—Assassination of Martin Luther King in Memphis, Tennessee
- 1968—Assassination of Robert Kennedy by Palestinian nationalist Sirhan Sirhan.
- 1968—Brutal beatings of protestors at Democratic National Convention in Chicago, open warfare on the convention floor.
- 1968—Alabama Governor George Wallace runs for president on openly segregationist platform, wins significant support in North—rise of white backlash to civil rights movement.
- 1968—Richard Nixon wins presidency behind power of white backlash
- 1969—Americans land on moon
- 1969—Stonewall Rebellion in New York City marks first open resistance of gays to police repression, launches gay rights movement
- 1969—increasingly radical women’s movement protests at Miss America pageant in Atlantic City
- 1969—Cuyahoga River catches fire in Cleveland, drawing attention to massive environmental problems
- 1969—Woodstock music festival in New York
- 1970—Environmentalism becomes prominent; first Earth Day protests, creation of Environmental Protection Agency to enforce increasing number of environmental laws and regulatory agencies.
- 1970—President Nixon invades Cambodia, leading to massive protests, including killing of students at Kent State University and Jackson State University
- 1971—MASH begins its run as the most popular television show in American history
- 1972—Equal Rights Amendment passes Congress, but rise of conservatism dooms it in state legislatures.
- 1972—Richard Nixon and Leonid Brezhnev conclude talks on Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, the most important treaty controlling the nuclear arms race
- 1972—Passage of Title IX, greatly expanding women’s access to college sports
- 1973—U.S. pulls out of South Vietnam, Vietnam united under North Vietnamese leadership in 1975
- 1973—American Indian Movement seizes Wounded Knee, South Dakota, leading to violent standoff with FBI
- 1973—passage of Endangered Species Act, leads to revival of threatened species such as the bald eagle, wolf, and grizzly bear.
- 1973—First large-scale economic crisis since Great Depression, leads to high unemployment and long-term economic uncertainty that lasts through remainder of 1970s.
- 1973—Roe v. Wade legalizes abortion
- 1974—Watergate scandal comes to light, resignation of President Richard Nixon
- 1977—Apple introduces Apple II, the first prominent personal computer
- 1978—California passes Proposition 13, drastically cutting property taxes
- 1979—Iranian radicals take over American embassy, hold dozens of Americans hostage until 1981.
- 1979—Three Mile Island incident—near nuclear meltdown ends period of nuclear power growth in U.S.
- 1980—election of Ronald Reagan to the presidency
- 1980s—President Reagan launches “War on Drugs,” results lead to imprisonment of 20% of young black men on nonviolent drug charges.
- 1981—AIDS first recognized, Reagan administration ignores it as gay disease until 1985, setting back research and dooming thousands to early deaths.
- 1981-87—Reagan administration supports right-wing movements in Central America, leading to civil wars and the deaths of tens of thousands.
- 1986—Iran-Contra scandal comes to light, embarrassing Reagan administration
- 1986—Challenger Space Shuttle explodes, event watched by nearly all schoolchildren because first teacher to enter space was onboard; national interest in space program declines
- 1987—Supreme Court recognizes legality of Indian gaming
- 1989—Fall of Berlin Wall heralds end of Cold War, breakup of USSR in 1991 ensures its end.
- 1991—First Gulf War begins period of long-term American military involvement in the Middle East.
- 1992—creation of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), expands both globalization and outsourcing of American manufacturing jobs abroad.
- 1993—Internet becomes prominent
- 1994—Republicans win massive gains in Congress, Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich issues “Contract with America”
- 1994—California voters pass Proposition 187, designed to deny undocumented migrants all state services, leads to backlash against Republican Party and makes California a Democratic stronghold based upon Latino votes.
- 2000—Disputed presidential election, Supreme Court gives election to George W. Bush, voting on a strictly partisan basis
- September 11, 2001—terrorists attack the United States, over 2000 dead, begins “War on Terror,” invasion of Afghanistan, etc.
- 2003—President George W. Bush orders invasion of Iraq
- 2003—Latinos pass African-Americans as nation’s largest minority group
- 2007—Global recession begins, no end in sight as of fall 2010
- 2008—election of Barack Obama to the presidency
- 2010—Arizona passes restrictive anti-immigration legislation, resurgence of racism and nativism throughout U.S.
- 2010—summer of 2010 sees record high temperatures around nation, flooding around the world, global climate change reaches critical tipping point.
Wednesday, December 17, 2014
Top 100 Events in American History since 1945
I am creating my syllabus for my U.S. history course since 1945. Because the course is at least as much thematic as chronological, I am creating a 100 most important events list to include in the syllabus. Here's what I came up with. Comments? Anything egregious that I am missing? Anything dumb that I have included?
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